Many great thinkers of the Antiquity had ideas that would have been revolutionary in Medieval and Premodern Time. Perhaps not the best example, but Ptolemy already used maps featuring latitude and longitude. Ideas that where created in the Antiquity were far from stupid or retarded. Using latitude and longitude dissappeared from Medieval maps, they used a TOmap instead. I really doubt though that the ideas of Newton and lets say Galilei would revolutionize the Antiquity and its worldview. With the rise of Christianity the defining of how the world was created was more important for christian power over Europe then Roman power over Europe. When Galilei and other scientists like Newton attacked the Christian, traditional worldview alot began to change and the traditionaly society shaped over the centuries into a modern, dynamic one. This would have been different, because Christianity did not hold sway over the Roman Empire in the age of Augustus, nor was the European worldview how the Catholic Church wanted it to be.